This report, by Jasna Tomic and Willett Kempton, takes two utility-owned fleets of BEVs and looks at their economic potential for providing electricity and ancillary services. The report finds a fairly low annual market value for ancillary services, such as regulation.
Download the report here.
Download Jesse Schneider’s SAE 2954 presentation here.
This Argonne National Laboratory report, by Linda Gaines, concludes that known lithium-ion reserves will meet demand for EV batteries to 2050. Download the pdf here.
Overview:
“How much lithium would be required if hybrids, then plug-in hybrids, and then
pure electric vehicles expanded their market share extremely rapidly? We
estimated an upper bound on the quantity that could be [...]
The Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis released a report, “Performance, Charging, and Second-use Considerations for Lithium Batteries for Plug-in Electric Vehicles,” in 2009 on Li-Ion batteries, including second-life usability.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with batteries for use in plug-in electric vehicles. These vehicles use batteries that store a significant amount (kWh) of energy [...]
It’s important to think about what can be done with EV batteries after they are no longer usable in vehicles. In 2003 Sandia National Labs released this report, “Technical and Economic Feasibility of Applying Used EV Batteries in Stationary Applications: A Study for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program,” on the feasibility of second-life options.
Abstract: [...]
